Boston city, the biggest city in New England, stands on a mountainous peninsula in Massachusetts Bay. Native Americans from the Massachusetts tribe had lived in the area since at least 2400 B.C. when they gave the peninsula the name Shawmut.
In 1614, Captain John Smith traveled down the coast of what he called “New England” (to make the area sound more attractive to settlers). Within a few years, smallpox that European explorers brought to the area had killed more than half of the local Native Americans.
History of Boston City
In 1630, a fleet of vessels led by Puritans sailed from England and landed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The group, led by John Winthrop, soon united with the Plymouth Colony of the Pilgrims, which was some 40 miles south of Cape Cod Bay.
The Puritans eventually changed the settlement’s name to Boston in honor of the town in Lincolnshire, England, where many Puritans were born. The town’s original name, Tremontaine, referred to the three hills in the region. Harvard University and Boston Latin School, where Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and Samuel Adams attended college, were also established in the 1630s.
Even though they put a high value on education and religion, Boston’s Puritans weren’t big on tolerance:
- The “crime” of being a Quaker was punished by jail or death.
- Christmas celebrations were outlawed.
- In 1643 the city welcomed its first slave ship into Boston Harbor.
After the British Parliament issued the Molasses Act of 1733, which imposed a tax on molasses, a crucial import for Boston rum producers, tensions between colonists and English administrators intensified as Boston flourished and thrived. Politicians and clerics in the city soon began to demand, “No taxes without representation!”
Anti-British animosity peaked with the 1770 Boston Massacre, in which British forces opened fire on a crowd of colonists, killing five of them. The Sons of Liberty organized the Boston Tea Party and dumped over 45 tonnes of tea into Boston Harbor when the 1773 Tea Act imposed duties on imported tea.
Paul Revere’s ride, the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and many other significant Revolutionary War events took place in or close to Boston city. When the British withdrew from Boston city in 1776, the Siege of Boston concluded, and the population rejoiced.
Massachusetts, the birthplace of William Lloyd Garrison and a longtime hub of the abolitionist movement, was the first state in the Union to abolish slavery in the 1800s, while Boston continued to expand. Irish immigrants arrived in Boston in droves due to the Potato Famine; subsequently, Chinese, Italian, and other nations joined them. The inaugural Boston Marathon took place in 1897.
As newer ones and locations replaced older industries with less expensive labor, Boston began to experience a period of decline. The Boston Red Sox could not win the World Series for 86 years after Babe Ruth was transferred to the New York Yankees in 1918, and this period was known as the “Curse of the Bambino,” which appeared to haunt the city.
A massive tank of the sweet, gooey substance exploded in Boston’s North End, resulting in the Great Molasses Flood, which claimed the lives of 21 people a year later. One of the worst nightclub disasters in recorded history, the Cocoanut Grove Fire in 1942, claimed the lives of 492 people.
In Boston’s Brinks Armored Car depot, criminals stole more than $2 million during the Great Brinks Robbery of 1950. Citywide racial violence broke out in 1974 due to court-ordered school busing. A number of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum’s most precious art items were stolen in 1990. (the crime remains unsolved to this day).
And three spectators died due to the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013. With a population of around 4.7 million in the greater Boston region, the city has developed into a thriving and international hub of technology, education, and medical research in the twenty-first century.
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